The analysis reveals a clear divergence in population trends across China's provinces. Eastern coastal regions such as Beijing, Guangdong, and Shanghai show significant population growth, with average increases ranging from 1.5% to 2%. These areas attract large numbers of migrants due to their economic prosperity and abundant job opportunities. In contrast, northeastern provinces like Heilongjiang and Jilin are experiencing negative population growth, with Heilongjiang seeing the most significant decrease (-1.15%). These regions are facing industrial decline and population outflow. Some central and western provinces, such as Guizhou and Gansu, are also seeing slower population growth. Future demographic changes will likely focus on the relationship between urbanization and regional economic disparities. Eastern economic centers may continue to attract populations, while provinces with less diversified economies may struggle with population loss.