Changes in the birth rate of various provinces and cities in China in different years. From 2012 to 2023, the national birth rate showed a gradual downward trend. The birth rate in 2012 was 12.10‰, and by 2023 it dropped to 6.39‰. There are obvious regional differences in birth rates. The birth rate in Tibet has always remained at a high level. In contrast, the birth rates in big cities such as Shanghai and Beijing are lower, with 3.95‰ and 5.63‰ respectively in 2023. Although the two-child policy was relaxed in the middle, it can be seen from the data that the birth rate did not increase significantly, but continued to decline in the following years. Generally, provinces with more developed economies, such as Guangdong and Zhejiang, have relatively low birth rates.